{"id":77673,"date":"2022-10-11T11:19:50","date_gmt":"2022-10-11T11:19:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.eccouncil.org\/cybersecurity-exchange\/?p=77673"},"modified":"2025-09-26T08:07:34","modified_gmt":"2025-09-26T08:07:34","slug":"pyramid-pain-threat-detection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test1.eccouncil.org\/cybersecurity-exchange\/threat-intelligence\/pyramid-pain-threat-detection\/","title":{"rendered":"What Is the Pyramid of Pain, and Why Is It Important in Threat Detection?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"77673\" class=\"elementor elementor-77673\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ef03d9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ef03d9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d7b8c77\" data-id=\"d7b8c77\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-157df1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"157df1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Organizations today face more cyberthreats than ever before and have larger attack surfaces than ever. Given these challenges, companies need to stay ahead of the curve and make intelligent decisions about how they prevent, detect, and mitigate threats.<\/p><p>For this reason, security experts have developed conceptual models such as the Pyramid of Pain to help businesses strengthen their cybersecurity capabilities. Below, we\u2019ll discuss the Pyramid of Pain and how it helps with threat detection and mitigation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d6b4dc3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d6b4dc3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8535cd1\" data-id=\"8535cd1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-177d1d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"177d1d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What Is the Pyramid of Pain? <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d729f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d729f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIn the field of computer security and threat detection, an indicator of compromise (IOC) is a piece of evidence that some form of cyberattack has occurred, such as an intrusion or data breach. Just as detectives collect clues to trace backward from the crime scene, digital forensics experts search for IOCs to understand how the attack took place and who was responsible.\n\nThe Pyramid of Pain is a conceptual model for understanding cybersecurity threats that organizes IOCs into six different levels. Information security expert David J. Bianco was the first to formalize this idea in his article \u201cThe Pyramid of Pain\u201d (Bianco, 2013).\n\nThe six levels of IOCs in the Pyramid of Pain are organized in order of how \u201cpainful\u201d they would be to the attacker if the victim discovered them and took action against them. From the bottom to the top of the pyramid\u2014from least painful to most painful\u2014these IOCs are:\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>Hash values: <\/strong>A hash value is a software or file \u201csignature\u201d that is the output of a complex cryptographic hash function such as SHA-1 and MD5. These hash functions practically guarantee that two different files will not have the same hash value. <\/li>\n<li><strong>IP addresses: <\/strong> An Internet Protocol (IP) address is a set of numbers that uniquely identifies a computer or other device connected to the Internet. <\/li>\n<li><strong>Domain names:<\/strong> A domain name is a string of text that uniquely identifies an Internet resource such as a website or server. <\/li>\n<li><strong>Network artifacts\/host artifacts:<\/strong> A network artifact is produced as the result of some network activity, while a host artifact is produced as the result of some activity on a host machine. <\/li>\n<li><strong>Tools: <\/strong> Attackers use various software tools and platforms to carry out attacks (such as backdoors or password crackers). <\/li>\n<li><strong>Tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs):<\/strong> Attackers often have a modus operandi that identifies them\u2014everything from the initial method of entry to the means of spreading throughout the network and exfiltrating data. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ad14e9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ad14e9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8b119e0\" data-id=\"8b119e0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ccd16c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ccd16c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What Are the Types of Threat Detection? <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-caa4a91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"caa4a91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe IOCs on the Pyramid of Pain are just one type of indicator used in threat detection. In turn, indicators are just one form of threat detection in cybersecurity. Below are the four types of threat detection:\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>Configuration: <\/strong>In configuration threat detection, analysts look for signs that a device has deviated from a known standard configuration. For example, if a device on the network is set to communicate using only specific port numbers, any communication on a different port number should be treated as suspicious. <\/li>\n<li><strong>Modeling:<\/strong> Beyond configuration changes, analysts can look for deviations from a predefined baseline using mathematical modeling. For example, if a device sends more packets than normal or sends them at unusual times of day, this behavior might be flagged as suspicious. <\/li>\n<li><strong>Indicators: <\/strong>An indicator is a piece of information, either \u201cgood\u201d or \u201cbad,\u201d that provides some clue as to a device\u2019s state or context. IOCs are the most common indicators, offering evidence that a malicious actor has gained access to the system. <\/li>\n<li><strong>Behaviors:<\/strong> Behavioral threat analysis looks for abstract, higher-level techniques and methods used by a malicious actor. For example, a known adversary might use a particular form of spear phishing email to obtain user credentials. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d6211ad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d6211ad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9be9a94\" data-id=\"9be9a94\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d495873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d495873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How Does the Pyramid of Pain Help Mitigate Threats? <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0455bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a0455bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>If a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test1.eccouncil.org\/cybersecurity-exchange\/threat-intelligence\/why-pursue-career-cyber-threat-intelligence\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">career in threat analysis<\/a>\u00a0appeals to you, obtaining a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test1.eccouncil.org\/train-certify\/certified-threat-intelligence-analyst-ctia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">threat analyst certificatio<\/a>n is an ideal way to get a foothold in the industry while honing your<a href=\"https:\/\/test1.eccouncil.org\/cybersecurity-exchange\/threat-intelligence\/what-is-threat-modeling-skills-tools\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> in-demand cybersecurity skills<\/a>. EC-Council offers the <a href=\"https:\/\/test1.eccouncil.org\/train-certify\/certified-threat-intelligence-analyst-ctia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Certified Threat Intelligence Analyst<\/a> (CTIA) program, with real-world training in how to identify and thwart active and potential attacks.<\/p><p>Designed in coordination with leading cybersecurity and threat intelligence experts, the CTIA program teaches students to identify and <a href=\"https:\/\/test1.eccouncil.org\/cybersecurity-exchange\/threat-intelligence\/organization-threat-intelligence-siem-soar\/\">mitigate critical business risks with both theoretical and practical modules<\/a>. The CTIA program offers hands-on experience in the latest tools, techniques, and methodologies at all stages of the <a href=\"https:\/\/test1.eccouncil.org\/cybersecurity\/what-is-cyber-threat-intelligence\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">threat intelligence lifecycle<\/a>.<\/p><p>Want to learn more about how to launch a career in the growing field of threat intelligence?\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test1.eccouncil.org\/train-certify\/certified-threat-intelligence-analyst-ctia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click here to learn more about the CTIA curriculum<\/a>\u00a0and start down the path of becoming a leading threat intelligence expert.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c896571 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c896571\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5b8a65b\" data-id=\"5b8a65b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-769a9bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"769a9bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">References <\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a92c94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8a92c94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bianco, D. (2013). The pyramid of pain.\u202fEnterprise Detection &amp; Response. https:\/\/detect-respond.blogspot.com\/2013\/03\/the-pyramid-of-pain.html<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1657dfa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1657dfa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f4393c2\" data-id=\"f4393c2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52fd1d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"52fd1d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">About the Author  <\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79e093b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"79e093b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDavid Tidmarsh is a programmer and writer. He&#8217;s worked as a software developer at MIT, has a B.A. in history from Yale, and is currently a graduate student in computer science at UT Austin.  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Organizations today face more cyberthreats than ever before and have larger attack surfaces than ever. Given these challenges, companies need to stay ahead of the curve and make intelligent decisions about how they prevent, detect, and mitigate threats. For this reason, security experts have developed conceptual models such as the Pyramid of Pain to help&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":80937,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[12226],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-77673","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-threat-intelligence"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.13 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What Is the Pyramid of Pain in Threat Detection? (CTIA) | EC-COUNCIL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Pyramid of Pain is an essential conceptual model in cybersecurity threat detection and threat intelligence. 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